Carbohydrate notes
C.3 to C.6 Carbohydrates
- Empiracle formula (CH20)n
- A repeating chain of sugars (saccarides)
- polysaccarides - many saccarides linked together
Glucose - a basic sugar (C6 H12 O6)
But the molecule has a ring structure
- Empiracle formula (CH20)n
- A repeating chain of sugars (saccarides)
- polysaccarides - many saccarides linked together
Glucose - a basic sugar (C6 H12 O6)
But the molecule has a ring structure
This is a mono (one) saccharide
- others include fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, etc.
Disaccharide - two sugars joined together
- others include fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, etc.
Disaccharide - two sugars joined together
Examples of disaccharides :
- maltose (two glucoses)
- sucrose (a glucose and fructose)
- lactose (galactose and glucose)
To break the bond between two sugars, a H2O is added back (Hydrolysis)
The Main Functions of Carbohydrates are:
Energy: Bonds between Carbon atoms can be broken, the Hydrogen atoms stripped off and the energy released can be used by cells
Structural: Cellulose is the major structural compound in plants
- used in the cell wall
Three Important Polysaccarides:
I) Starch : - The main storage form of sugar in plants
- few side chains
- many glucose molecules linked together
II) Glycogen - Main sugar storage in animals
- Many side chains
- linked as for starch
III) Cellulose - structural (cell walls)
- long chains
- linkage between C atoms of adjacent chains sugars is different than I and II above
- no mammal can break this bond
- maltose (two glucoses)
- sucrose (a glucose and fructose)
- lactose (galactose and glucose)
To break the bond between two sugars, a H2O is added back (Hydrolysis)
The Main Functions of Carbohydrates are:
Energy: Bonds between Carbon atoms can be broken, the Hydrogen atoms stripped off and the energy released can be used by cells
Structural: Cellulose is the major structural compound in plants
- used in the cell wall
Three Important Polysaccarides:
I) Starch : - The main storage form of sugar in plants
- few side chains
- many glucose molecules linked together
II) Glycogen - Main sugar storage in animals
- Many side chains
- linked as for starch
III) Cellulose - structural (cell walls)
- long chains
- linkage between C atoms of adjacent chains sugars is different than I and II above
- no mammal can break this bond